Global Energy and the American Dream: #universitycapture: Enbridge to Nowhere

COURSE RESOURCES

Home
Top GHG Emitters in St Louis Region
Syllabus 2022

Monday, November 13, 2017

#universitycapture: Enbridge to Nowhere | Public Accountability Initiative

Enbridge to Nowhere | Public Accountability Initiative

Posted by Bret Gustafson at 12:27 PM

Email This BlogThis!Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest

Newer Post Older Post Home

ODOMETER

ENERGY POLITICS: SOCIAL RESEARCH FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION

This is the site for news and resources for the course 'Global Energy and the American Dream,' aka GEAD, taught in the department of Anthropology at Washington University in St. Louis.

I'll be posting relevant information and news. I'll also post (and sometimes editorialize) on issues of local, national and global import.

I take notes here. They are just notes, often full of typos. Some parts of the site need to be updated, but I'm short on time. Be patient.

I embrace and defend academic freedom and the pursuit of climate truth. The standard disclaimer applies: I speak for myself. Not the university, not the department, not the students.

#divest #keepitintheground #renewables

Bret Gustafson, Professor, Department of Anthropology (gustafson@wustl.edu)

SEARCH THIS BLOG

GEAD / Energy Politics Twitter Feed

Tweets by slsproject

CARBON CLOCK: How many years do we have?

BLOGS, BLOGS, BLOGS

Green Car Reports

Flexible controls could boost EV charging station reliability - [image: Ionity charging in France]EVs and charging stations have aspired to provide EV drivers with something that rivals the turnaround time of gas statio...
11 hours ago
ClimateWire

Specter of Supreme Court smackdown looms over Biden climate rule - The court spiked Obama-era controls on power plant emissions. Biden’s rule may be next.
2 days ago
World Pipelines

Vallourec wins fourth major line pipe order from ExxonMobil Guyana - Vallourec wins another major order from ExxonMobil Guyana.
2 days ago
Edge Effects

Grave Decoration and Deep Time: A Poem - Inspired by embalming practices and artificial flowers in graveyards, Madeleine Bavley pens a poem exploring how we might trouble time with synthetic sub...
3 days ago
Environmental Justice Project

New Analysis: “Black gold and green BRI–A grounded analysis of Chinese investment in coal-fired power plants in Indonesia” - By Bowen Gu Highlights First countrywide analysis of socio-environmental conflicts over coal-fired power plants with Chinese investment. Demonstrates how...
1 month ago
Climate Lab Book

Climate Change 2021 – the physical science basis - This blog post is a short summary of key points that are of current relevance to society from the physical science of climate change. It is based on the he...
2 years ago
Hidrocarburos Bolivia

Total se transforma y convierte en TotalEnergies - París, 28 de mayo de 2021 – La Asamblea Ordinaria y Extraordinaria de Accionistas aprobó este 28 de mayo, casi por unanimidad, la resolución para cambia...
2 years ago
Argentina - Gensur - Observatorio

Estrangulamiento Energético a Cuba - En los últimos días Cuba se ve enfrentado a un recrudecimiento del bloqueo económico, comercial y financiero de los Estados Unidos ampliado a un desabast...
4 years ago
ClipperBlog

The Geopolitical Risk and Energy Monitoring Report - [image: capture-49] Welcome to The GERM Report by Dan Graeber, a commentary on the intersection between geopolitical events and the price of oil. GERM st...
4 years ago
No Fracking Way

CPV announces fracked gas power plant is in operation. - Original post at saneenergy.org/oursanevoice After years of fierce community opposition, Competitive Power Ventures (CPV) announced on October 1, 2018 ...
5 years ago
Direct Climate Action

Annette, Emily, and Ben - Annette Klapstein, Emily Johnston, and support person Ben Joldersma will argue the necessity defense October 8th- 11th in Bagley, MN. RSVP to receive tri...
5 years ago
Midwest Energy News

AEP Ohio to get another rate case hearing, this time with public notice - After objections from Ohio's consumer advocate agency about a failure to provide required public notice, regulators have scheduled a fifth public hearing i...
6 years ago
The Energy Mix

Kinder Morgan Appeals for NEB Help as Kayaktivists, City of Burnaby Continue Pipeline Fight - Kayaktivists were on the water in Vancouver harbour Saturday, trying to disrupt construction of Kinder Morgan’s Westridge pipeline terminal in Burnaby.
6 years ago
Environmental Health News

Still waiting for FEMA in Texas and Florida after hurricanes. - After Harvey and Irma, residents are waiting weeks for FEMA inspections and hours on hold when calling the agency’s help line.
6 years ago
Fuel Fix (Houston-Aramco)

Harvey’s flooding blamed in major gasoline spill in Texas - The spill was first reported to state and federal officials on Aug. 31, but no volume was given at that time. The company next reported the spill was 1,000...
6 years ago
End the US-Saudi Alliance

-
Pipeline Awareness Network - Northeast

-
Blog | Bloomberg New Energy Finance | Bloomberg Finance L.P.

-

AND EVEN MORE BLOGS

Oil Price.com

Sinopec Challenges India's Energy Influence with New Sri Lanka Refinery - The world’s biggest refiner, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, or Sinopec, is accelerating plans to build its first fully-owned refinery outside Chin...
2 hours ago
Rigzone.com: Latest News Headlines

Repsol Acquires Stakes in Two Venezuela Fields - Repsol signed a deal with PDVSA that adds two fields to its operations, which in the next few months are expected to produce 20,000 bpd.
12 hours ago
DeSmogBlog

The Allure of Flight - Ten years ago, when DeSmog journalist Joe Fassler began writing a novel, he never imagined it would have anything to do with climate or the environment. ...
2 days ago
Today in Energy

U.S. natural gas-fired electricity generation consistently increased in 2022 and 2023 - Electricity generation from units that primarily consume natural gas in the U.S. Lower 48 states has increased for all hours of the day since 2021, accordi...
2 days ago
Yale Environment 360

Climate Change Intensified 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Wave, Study Finds - Climate change made the disastrous 2021 heat wave in the Pacific Northwest larger and longer-lasting than it would have been otherwise, a new study finds...
2 days ago
The Equation

A Call for Climate Justice at the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights - This week, the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights (IACHR) started to hear testimony at the University of the West Indies, near Bridgetown, Barbados, addre...
3 days ago
350.org - Movement Dispatches and Climate News

Reflecting on a Tremendous Journey and looking to the future with excitement and hope - [image: May Boeve] After a tremendous 13 years at the helm of 350.org, the time has come for me to hand over the reins to new leadership. The post Refle...
4 days ago
Observatorio de Industrias Extractivas y Derechos Colectivos

22 DE ABRIL -
5 days ago
RealClimate

Much ado about acceleration - There has been a lot of commentary about perceived disagreements among climate scientists about whether climate change is, or will soon, accelerate. As w...
3 weeks ago
Bluedaze: Drilling Reform (Texas)

Inaugural Field Notes from Oilfield Witness are live - Check out the inaugural Field Notes edition from Oilfield Witness with details about our visit to Arlington with Liveable Arlington and French Arte journ...
5 months ago
Alianza Mexicana Contra el Fracking

Reducen en 50% propuesta de presupuesto para fracking para el 2024; es tiempo de dar el siguiente paso y prohibir esta técnica riesgosa y contaminante: AMCF - Como en los años previos de la presente administración, nuevamente la propuesta de presupuesto de egresos para el próximo año asigna presupuesto para uti...
7 months ago
Acción y Reacción - blog de Eduardo Gudynas

EL COLAPSO EN LA CRISIS DEL AGUA EN MONTEVIDEO -
7 months ago
Jeremy Leggett

Highlands Rewilding up, running, and trying hard to help in the existential struggle to restore nature - Since my last post, getting on for two years ago, I have been busy building Highlands Rewilding. I have a growing team in place on two estates in the Highl...
1 year ago
Energy Trends Insider

Death of the Florescent Shop Light – Energy Efficiency - I’ve recently discovered the reasonably priced LED shop light. “Big whoop” you may be thinking. It’s a bigger whoop than many realize, especially for me....
1 year ago
Trade Unions for Energy Democracy

Hello world! - Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing! The post Hello world! appeared first on Trade Unions for Energy Dem...
2 years ago
Peak Energy

World's largest floating LNG factory remains in shutdown - The ABC has an update on the Prelude floating LNG facility, the largest floating object ever built - World's largest floating LNG factory remains in shutdo...
3 years ago
Out of the Woods's blog

Take That Cheesecake! Ride That Horse! A Conversation with SL Lim - [image: image/jpeg icon]cropped-circuit-on-fire-1.jpg We’re really excited to say that the novelist and climate writer SL Lim is joining Out of the Woods....
3 years ago
Observatorio Petrolero Sur

Diez experiencias mundiales de uso comunitario de las energías renovables - Por Eduardo Blanco del Instituto para la Producción Popular (IPP) / Motor Económico .- Esta semana el gobierno italiano decidió impulsar la energía solar...
3 years ago
Energy Matters

Drone Strike on Saudi Arabia Knocks out 5% of Global Oil Supplies - On Saturday 14 September the Abqaiq oil processing facilities in Saudi Arabia were hit by an air borne attack assumed to be a drone. Abqaiq lies to the NE ...
4 years ago
Coal Tattoo

The politics of why Don Blankenship isn’t a felon - Candidates, from left, Don Blankenship, of Williamson, Bo Copley, of Delbarton; U.S. Rep. Evan Jenkins, R-W.Va., of Huntington, West Virginia Attorney Ge...
5 years ago
Midwest Energy News

AEP Ohio to get another rate case hearing, this time with public notice - After objections from Ohio's consumer advocate agency about a failure to provide required public notice, regulators have scheduled a fifth public hearing i...
6 years ago
API News Feed

API Supports EPA action on Information Collection Request, calls on Senate to repeal redundant BLM methane rule - WASHINGTON, March 2, 2017 – API Senior Director for Regulatory and Scientific Affairs Howard Feldman said EPA’s announcement to reassess its methane info...
7 years ago
The Marcellus Effect

EPA orders more injection wells closed following OK earthquake - On Wednesday, the Environmental Protection Agency ordered Oklahoma drillers to shut another 17 fracking waste injection wells. This follows the US Geolog...
7 years ago
ThinkProgress

Yes, Climate Change Has Helped The Spread Of Zika In The United States - The amount that the virus has spread thus far may be due to longer mosquito seasons caused by climate change. The post Yes, Climate Change Has Helped The...
7 years ago
NRDC: Environmental News/Media Center Feed

Clean Air Experts: Appeals Court Should Uphold Sound and Sensible Clean Power Plan - WASHINGTON (March 29, 2016) –A federal Court of Appeals should uphold the Environmental Protection Agency’s sensible, legal and fair Clean Power Plan, and ...
8 years ago
Gasland: Blog

Josh’s New Documentary and the LET GO AND LOVE Tour - In January, Josh premiered his new documentary on climate change, HOW TO LET GO OF THE WORLD AND LOVE ALL THE THINGS CLIMATE CAN’T CHANGE. It is the contin...
8 years ago
This Changes Everything - Blog

The Leap Manifesto In Paris - Held on December 2, 2015 #TheLeap #COP21 #redlines
8 years ago
minewar.org

Intersecting Discourses: The FSA Photography of Arthur Rothstein In Herrin, Illinois - “the Farm Security file would never have been created if we hadn’t the freedom to photograph anything, anywhere in the United States – anything that we cam...
8 years ago
energygeographies

Research Fellow position: The Global Energy group at Warwick Business School - Apologies for cross-posting Research Fellow Fixed Term for 2 years, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick The Global Energy group at Warwick Busin...
8 years ago
Oil Sands Truth: Shut down the Tar Sands - social and environmental impacts of tar sands heavy oil projects across North America

Alberta Health Board Fires Doctor Who Raised Cancer Alarms (John O'Connor) - Alberta Health Board Fires Doctor Who Raised Cancer Alarms 'I am stunned,' says Dr. John O'Connor, a veteran presence in First Nations community. By And...
8 years ago
Climate Justice Caucus | at Harvard Kennedy School

-

ST LOUIS & MISSOURI

The Missouri Times

This Week in Missouri Politics – April 28, 2024 - Scott Faughn is joined by Sen. Mike Cierpiot and Rep. Mike Haffner. The post This Week in Missouri Politics – April 28, 2024 appeared first on The Missou...
7 hours ago
Environmental Law & Policy Center

ELPC Thinks: Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi -
1 week ago
Events - Climate Reality-St. Louis

#FossilFreeFed Rally @ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - [image: photo]Climate Meetup-St. Louis **WHO:** Members and allies of 350 STL, the St. Louis, Missouri chapter of the international climate justice organ...
2 years ago
Simplifying Energy

Mike Brady: The Energy Efficiency Genius -
5 years ago
SAFE: Don't Fracture Illinois

Nov 2 Road Trip to Woolsey Frack site - November 2, 2017~ Little Road Trip to Woodrow Fracking site, the first high volume frack well in IL under the new regulations. We hadn’t heard a word or se...
6 years ago
RENEW MISSOURI| Advancing Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Taking the Good with the Bad - This week has been full of ups and downs for Renew Missouri’s work. While we are ecstatic about the Public Service Commission approving Ameren Missouri’s t...
8 years ago
Blog - Missourians Organizing for Reform and Empowerment (MORE)

Restructuring MORE Membership - [image: membershipmeeting_2.jpg] Roslyn Brown, Pine Lawn, talks to guests at about how MORE has supported her leadership growth. Last Thursday's New ...
8 years ago
Illinois Fractured Follies (Fracking/So. Ill.)

THE WIND IN THE CEDAR GROVE - I heard you in the cedar grove on Weideman Hill the break in the universe of colonized earth a break from the treacherous perspective the one that ...
9 years ago
Shawnee Hills and Hollers (S. Illinois)

-
2016 Missouri Legislative Session Bills Followed by the Sierra Club | Missouri Chapter

-
Proposed Coal Plant Tracker | Beyond Coal

-
Missouri Coalition for the Environment - St. Louis - Environmental Conservation | Facebook

-
LEO Environmental Organization - Home Page

-

CENTERS & JOURNALS

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE (Journal)
ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION & SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS (Journal)
CAPITALISM, NATURE, SOCIALISM (Journal)
UT AUSTIN - ELECTRICITY COST CALCULATOR MAP (very cool)
CLIMATE FEEDBACK AT U. MERCED
SIGHTLINE (SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH IN THE CASCADIA REGION)
CALIFORNIA CTR FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES
GWU SOLAR INSTITUTE (we need this!!)
U DELAWARE INITIATIVE ON OFFSHORE WIND
HOW TO STUDY CORPORATE MALFEASANCE & OTHER RELEVANT CHALLENGES
EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES & SOCIETY (Journal)
AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC. CLIMATE CHANGE REPORT
ENERGY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL SCIENCE (Journal)
NATURE AND CULTURE (Journal)
ENERGY POLICY (Journal)
EPA Environmental (In)Justice Mapping Tool
SPACE LAB - CLIMATE AND ENERGY RESEARCH (NORWAY)
RICE CENTER FOR ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT IN HUMAN SCIENCES
MIT ENERGY INITIATIVE
OXFORD INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY STUDIES
RICE: BAKER INSTITUTE ENERGY FORUM
U OKLAHOMA: MEWBOURNE COLLEGE OF EARTH AND ENERGY
U TEXAS LAW: CTR FOR GLOBAL ENERGY, INTL ARBITRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
U TEXAS: CTR FOR INTL ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
WASHINGTON U.: INTL CTR FOR ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
WEST VIRGINIA U.: US - CHINA ENERGY CENTER
GLOBAL CARBON PROJECT

CURRENT EVENTS (NO DAPL) & OIL/GAS THREAT MAPS

20170614 Judge says DAPL approval illegal
#NoDAPL: Sabotage and Timeline of Events
Sacred Water: Standing Rock Part 1 (RISE)
Sacred Water: Standing Rock Part II (RISE)
20170110 Trans-Pecos Pipeline resistance (Truthout)
#NoDAPL Water Protectors Video Stack (Indian Country Today)
20161212 Updates from Trahant Reports, Indian Country Today
#NoDAPL Coverage (Democracy Now)
20161130 Great Sioux Nation: Dear President Obama
20161129 Who is the Army Corps Commander who has so much power?
20161129 Winona LaDuke on Fossil Fuel Violence
20161126 Cheyenne River Sioux Chairman Responds to Army Corps
20161028 NoDAPL & Tribal Sovereignty (Vox)
20161117 Sightline Report on DAPL Financing
20161031 Stop the militarization/Stop sending police
20161029 Anonymous Message to ND Gov Dalrymple
30 Years of Pipeline Incidents: Toxic Nation
OIL AND GAS THREAT MAP
TARSANDS PIPELINE SPILL (INSIDE CLIMATE NEWS 'DILBIT DISASTER')
U.S.: ANTI-REGULATORY "CULTURES OF DEVIANCE"?
NOAA OIL SPILL INCIDENT REPORTS
SKYTRUTH GLOBAL POLLUTION MONITOR
SKYTRUTH - GULF OIL SPILL TRACKER

MAPS

USGS MAP OF WIND TURBINES IN USA
PLATTS CRUDE OIL PERIODIC TABLE
SOLAR IN THE U.S.A. (SEIA)
CARBON MONOXIDE AND FIRE MAP - NASA
BLOCKADIA: FOSSIL FUEL PROTESTS AROUND THE WORLD
PIPELINE SPILLS OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS (check your hometown)
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY GLOBAL POLLUTION SATELLITE MAPS
CLIMATE PARTISAN OPINION MAP
TESLA EV CHARGER MAP
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ATLAS
US ELECTRICITY SYSTEM IN 15 MAPS
COAL ASH TRACKER MAP
GHG MAP (EPA)
OIL TRAIN TRACKER
CPI TOXIC AREAS MAP

CITIZENS AGAINST FRACKING

UK: Refraction

Spirit having flown … - Back in 2013 Centrica decided it would be a good idea to invest in the nascent UK shale industry. The details when they came out revealed that they would p...
3 years ago
Ohio: Concerned Citizens Ohio

-

BLOG ARCHIVE

► 2022 (57)
- ► October (1)
- ► September (11)
- ► August (12)
- ► July (14)
- ► June (2)
- ► May (3)
- ► April (6)
- ► March (6)
- ► February (2)

► 2021 (72)
- ► October (5)
- ► September (32)
- ► August (22)
- ► July (12)
- ► April (1)

► 2020 (16)
- ► December (1)
- ► August (1)
- ► July (3)
- ► June (2)
- ► May (2)
- ► April (2)
- ► March (1)
- ► February (3)
- ► January (1)

► 2019 (143)
- ► December (13)
- ► November (5)
- ► October (23)
- ► September (38)
- ► August (14)
- ► June (2)
- ► May (7)
- ► April (22)
- ► March (6)
- ► February (5)
- ► January (8)

► 2018 (108)
- ► December (4)
- ► November (2)
- ► October (3)
- ► September (3)
- ► May (2)
- ► April (15)
- ► March (33)
- ► February (22)
- ► January (24)

▼ 2017 (238)
- ► December (5)
- ▼ November (20)
- ► October (10)
- ► September (15)
- ► August (8)
- ► July (3)
- ► June (11)
- ► May (24)
- ► April (32)
- ► March (48)
- ► February (28)
- ► January (34)

► 2016 (241)
- ► December (22)
- ► November (20)
- ► October (6)
- ► September (1)
- ► August (2)
- ► July (4)
- ► June (3)
- ► May (25)
- ► April (47)
- ► March (30)
- ► February (35)
- ► January (46)

► 2015 (208)
- ► December (17)
- ► November (2)
- ► October (3)
- ► September (4)
- ► June (6)
- ► May (8)
- ► April (38)
- ► March (44)
- ► February (58)
- ► January (28)

► 2014 (61)
- ► December (7)
- ► November (8)
- ► October (5)
- ► September (6)
- ► August (2)
- ► July (1)
- ► June (1)
- ► May (7)
- ► April (6)
- ► March (3)
- ► February (10)
- ► January (5)

► 2013 (104)
- ► December (5)
- ► November (9)
- ► October (31)
- ► September (28)
- ► August (7)
- ► May (2)
- ► April (6)
- ► March (4)
- ► February (7)
- ► January (5)

► 2012 (36)
- ► December (9)
- ► November (3)
- ► October (4)
- ► August (2)
- ► July (3)
- ► May (4)
- ► April (5)
- ► March (4)
- ► February (2)

► 2011 (102)
- ► December (18)
- ► November (28)
- ► October (27)
- ► September (29)

FRACKING MONITOR

ASTROTURF PRO-FRACKING RALLIES (May 11, 2014)
FRACKING & HEALTH (PROPUBLICA, Mar 9, 2014)
FRACKING: METHANE LEAKAGE (NATURE, 2013)
'Get the Frack Outta Here' (May 29, 2012)
EPA/USGS NEW RESEARCH ON UNCONVENTIONAL GAS (Apr 13 2012)
FRACKING COMPANIES AND COUNTER-INSURGENCY (Jan 8 2012)
HOW MUCH FRACKING GAS IS THERE?
CORNELL SCIENTISTS: WAR OVER FRACKING/FRACKER ON BOARD
FRACKING LAWSUITS: INDUSTRY ADVISING ITSELF (Dec 20, 2011)
FRACK THE WATER: BAD WATER IN WYOMING (Dec 12, 2011)
FRACKERS: ON THE SPENDING OFFENSIVE (November 25, 2011)
Fracking Pennsylvania (November 17, 2011)
Drilling Fever in Colorado (October 25, 2011)
Gas Leases and Mortgages (Oct 20, 2011)
Tainted Water (Aug 3 2011)
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN BATTLE

KEYWORD INDEX

@taykuy
#1 speak out
#3 disrupt business as usual
#4 demand that your university reflect student consensus
#5 take and hold space
#6 blockade a coal port by kayak
#7 shut down a massive strip mine
#8 learn how to sing
#automobility
#carbondemocracy
#ccs #carboncapture #carbontrap #bighoax
#cleancoal
#coal
#exxonknew
#fossilknowledge
#iraq
#moleg
#NoDAPL
#race
#racism
#tarsands
#torture
100%
ACCCE
air
Albright
Algeria
Aliso Canyon
alternatives
ameren
Arch
Arctic
Australia
beer
Black Mesa
blankenship
blockadia
board of trustees
Boko Haram
BP
Canada
CCS
Cenovus
CERA
china
clean power plan
climate
CO
coal
coal ash
colonialism
comedy
commodity
cost
criminality
Dakota
Deepwater Horizon
democrat
denialism
Dine
dispossession
divestment
Duke
earthquakes
energy independence
Energy Transfer Partners
environment
EPA
Exxon
fracking
France
gas
gasoline
Gates
global warming
GOM
greenwash
Hadley
Halliburton
Heartland
history
hod
Illinois
imperialism
India
indigenous
industrial homicide
infrastructure
injection
Iraq
ISIS
John Oliver
junk science
Kemper
Keystone
Koch
Labadie
labor
leases
lecture1-intro
lecture2-basics
lecture3-history
legal
LEO
libertarianism
lobbying
map
Massey
methane
Middle East
militarism
MIT
MSHA
MTR
Murray
music
Nigeria
North Dakota
obama
oil
oiligarchy
oligarchy
Patriot
peabody
pensions
pipeline
pipelines
pollution
price
protest
public space
racism
rail
regulation
renewables
republican
resistance
resource curse
rib failure
richter
Saudi Arabia
science
Seattle
seismicity
shale
Shell
Singer
SO2
solar
solar activity
solar power
spills
St. Louis
Stanford
Steven F. Leer
stream protection rule
Tea Party
technology
terrorism
Tillerson
tracking
Trans-Pecos
Transocean
transportation
Trump
UMWA
unions
university capture
upper big branch
urbanism
usgs
utah
war
wastewater
water
Weidenbaum
what can be done
whiteness
women
wustl
Yemen

Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.